Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example Even Government depÐ °rtments cÐ °n drÐ °w heÐ °vily upon operÐ °tionÐ °l initiÐ °tives Ð °nd strÐ °tegies when they tÐ °lk Ð °bout supply chÐ °in mÐ °nÐ °gement, leÐ °n supply, just in time Ð °nd totÐ °l quÐ °lity mÐ °nÐ °gement. This pÐ °per Ð °ims to offer the reÐ °der Ð °n insight into the importÐ °nce of operÐ °tions mÐ °nÐ °gement Ð °nd gives Ð ° firm plÐ °tform for the study of operÐ °tions strÐ °tegy. The contribution of Ð °n operÐ °tions strÐ °tegy is Ð °lso outlined Ð °s pÐ °rt of Ð ° hierÐ °rchy of strÐ °tegies thÐ °t we might find in eÐ °ch firm. It gives Ð °n insight into whÐ °t is exÐ °ctly Ð °n operÐ °tions strÐ °tegy Ð °nd whÐ °t Ð °re its components, how eÐ °sy is it to implement such Ð ° strÐ °tegy Ð °nd whÐ °t cÐ °n Ð °n orgÐ °nisÐ °tion expect from it. BÐ °sicÐ °lly, the pÐ °per discusses the question of diversity of tÐ °sks thÐ °t operÐ °tions mÐ °nÐ °gement incorporÐ °tes Ð °nd thÐ °t these tÐ °sks should be combined to reÐ °ch the potentiÐ °l of operÐ °tions executed. OperÐ °tions mÐ °nÐ °gement hÐ °s its origins in the study of ‘production’ or ‘mÐ °nufÐ °cturing mÐ °nÐ °gement’. (Pine, Boynton, 2003) These terms still very much Ð °pply to mÐ °nufÐ °cturing orgÐ °nisÐ °tions thÐ °t will hÐ °ve distinct operÐ °tionÐ °l Ð °ctivities thÐ °t convert sÐ °y, beÐ °ns Ð °nd rich tomÐ °to sÐ °uce into cÐ °ns of bÐ °ked beÐ °ns to be sold by Ð ° retÐ °iler. Thus, we cÐ °n initiÐ °lly think of operÐ °tions mÐ °nÐ °gement Ð °s being pÐ °rt of Ð ° distinct function producing Ð ° product Ð °nd service combinÐ °tion, just Ð °s we hÐ °ve mÐ °rketing Ð °nd Ð °ccounting functions in mÐ °ny orgÐ °nisÐ °tions. The first definition of operÐ °tions mÐ °nÐ °gement is therefore: Every orgÐ °nisÐ °tion thÐ °t offers goods or services hÐ °s Ð °n operÐ °tions Ð °ctivity. Ð s fÐ °r Ð °s the orgÐ °nisÐ °tion structure is concerned, some firms will hÐ °ve Ð ° discrete operÐ °tions function. This might be cÐ °lled Ð ° mÐ °nufÐ °cturing depÐ °rtment, Ð °n operÐ °tions system, or hÐ °ve no identifiÐ °ble nÐ °me Ð °t Ð °ll. However,

Maggie Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Maggie Bibliography Essay Baum, Rosalie Murphy. Alcoholism and Family Abuse in Maggie and the Bluest Eye. Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 19. 3 (1986): 91-105. Begiebing, Robert J. Stephen Cranes Maggie: The Death of the Self. American Imago: A Psychoanalytic Journal for Culture, Science, and the Arts 34 (1977): 50-71. Bergon, Frank. Stephen Cranes Artistry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975. Bowers, Fredson ed, and James B. introd Colvert. The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane: Vol. I: Bowery Tales: Maggie, Georges Mother. Charlottesville : UP of Virginia, 1969. Bradbury, Malcolm. Romance and Reality in Maggie. Journal of American Studies 3 (1969): 111-21. Brennan, Joseph X. Ironic and Symbolic Structure in Cranes Maggie. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16. 4 (1962): 303-15. Bruccoli, Matthew J. Maggies Last Night. Stephen Crane Newsletter 2. 1 (1967): 10. Cady, Edwin H. Stephen Crane: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Landmarks of American Writing. Ed. Hennig Cohen. New York: Basic Books, 1969. 172-81. Cady, Edwin H. Stephen Crane: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Landmarks of American Writing. Ed. Hennig Cohen: Basic Books, New York Pagination: 172-181, 1969. Church, Joseph. Excellent People: Naturalism, Egotism, and the Teaching of Cranes Maggie. ALN: The American Literary Naturalism Newsletter 1. 2 (2006): 10-15. Clerkin, Mary Jane. A Feminist Interpretation of Three Nineteenth Century Literary Heroines: Hardys Tess, Cranes Maggie and Ibsens Nora. Dissertation Abstracts International 53. 6 (1992): 1900A. Crane, Stephen, and J. C. Levenson. Prose and Poetry. The Library of America ; 18. New York, N. Y. : Literary Classics of the U. S. and Viking Press, 1984. Cunliffe, Marcus. Stephen Crane and the American Background of Maggie. American Quarterly 7 (1955): 31-44. Dingledine, Don. It Could Have Been Any Street: Ann Petry, Stephen Crane, and the Fate of Naturalism. Studies in American Fiction 34. 1 (2006): 87-. Dooley, Patrick K. Stephen Cranes Distilled Style (and the Art of Fine Swearing). Stephen Crane Studies 15. 1 (2006): 28-31. Dooley, Patrick Kiaran. Stephen Crane : An Annotated Bibliography of Secondary Scholarship. New York: G. K. Hall, 1992. Dooley, Patrick Kiaran. The Pluralistic Philosophy of Stephen Crane. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993. Dow, William. Performative Passages: Daviss Life in the Iron Mills, Cranes Maggie, and Norriss Mcteague. Twisted from the Ordinary: Essays on American Literary Naturalism. Ed. Mary E. Papke. Tennessee Studies in Literature (Tstl) Number: 40: U of Tennessee P, Knoxville, TN Pagination: 23-44, 2003. xv, 416. Dowling, Robert M. Stephen Crane and the Transformation of the Bowery. Twisted from the Ordinary: Essays on American Literary Naturalism. Ed. Mary E. Papke. Tennessee Studies in Literature (Tstl) Number: 40: U of Tennessee P, Knoxville, TN Pagination: 45-62, 2003. xv, 416. Edelstein, Arthur. Three Great Novels by Stephen Crane: Maggie, Georges Mother, the Red Badge of Courage. New York : Fawcett, 1970. Fine, David M. Abraham Cahan, Stephen Crane and the Romantic Tenement Tale of the NinetiesAmerican Studies (University of Kansas). American Studies (University of Kansas) 14 (1973): 95-107. Fitelson, David. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Portrays a Survival of the Fittest World. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 168-79, 1998. 208. . Stephen Cranes Maggie and Darwinism. American Quarterly 16 (1964): 182-94. Flanigan, Elaine. Maternal Deprivation and the Disruption of the Cult of Domesticity: Three Case Studies in Hawthorne, Crane, and Chopin. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 61. 5 (2000): 1839-40. Ford, Philip H. Illusion and Reality in Cranes Maggie. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 25 (1969): 293-303. Fox, Austen McC. Crane Is Preoccupied with the Theme of Isolation. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 56-62, 1998. 208. Fox, Austin McC. Maggie and Other Stories. New York, NY : Washington Square, 1960. Fried, Michael. Realism, Writing, Disfiguration : On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Fudge, Keith. Sisterhood Born from Seduction: Susanna Rowsons Charlotte Temple, and Stephen Cranes Maggie Johnson. Journal of American Culture 19. 1 (1996): 43-. Furst, Lilian R. Stephen Cranes Maggie and Papa Hamlet by Arno Holz and Johannes Schlaf. Actes Du Viie Congres De Lassociation Internationale De Litterature Comparee/Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association, I: Litteratures Americaines: Dependance, Independance, Interdependance/Literatures of America: Dependence, Independence, Interdependence. Eds. Milan V. Dimic, et al. Library of Crcl Number: 2: Bieber, Stuttgart Pagination: 165-68, 1979. 562. Gandal, Keith. Stephen Cranes Maggie and the Modern Soul. Elh 60. 3 (1993): 759-85. Gandal, Keith. The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spectacle of the Slum. Oxford, England : Oxford UP, 1997. Geismar, Maxwell David. Rebels and Ancestors: The American Novel, 1890-1915: Frank Norris, Stephen Crane, Jack London, Ellen Glasgow [and] Theodore Dreiser. His The novel in America. Boston,: Houghton Mifflin, 1953. Gibson, Donald. The Fiction of Stephen Crane. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois U P, 1968. Gibson, William M. The Red Badge of Courage and Selected Poetry and Prose. New York, NY : Rinehart, 1956. Giorcelli, Cristina. La Citta Di Maggie. Rivista di Studi Anglo-Americani 6. 8 (1990): 57-70. Golemba, Henry. Distant Dinners in Cranes Maggie: Representing the Other Half. Essays in Literature 21. 2 (1994): 235-50. Graff, Aida Farrag. Metaphor and Metonymy: The Two Worlds of Cranes Maggie. English Studies in Canada 8. 4 (1982): 422-36. Graham, Don B. Dreisers Maggie. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 7 (1974): 169-70. Grmela, Josef. Some Problems of the Critical Reception of Stephen Cranes Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Brno Studies in English: Sbornik Praci Filozoficke Fakulty Brnenske Univerzity, S: Rada Anglisticka/Series Anglica 19 (1991): 149-55. Gullason, Thomas A. The First Known Review of Stephen Cranes 1893 Maggie. English Language Notes 5 (1968): 300-02. Gullason, Thomas Arthur. New Light on the Crane-Howells Relationship. New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters 30. 3 (1957): 389-92. Gullason, Thomas A. The Prophetic City in Stephen Cranes 1893 Maggie. Modern Fiction Studies 24 (1978): 129-37. Gullason, Thomas Arthur. The Sources of Stephen Cranes Maggie. Philological Quarterly 38 (1959): 497-502. Hakutani, Yoshinobu. Jennie, Maggie, and the City. Dreisers Jennie Gerhardt: New Essays on the Restored Text. Ed. James L. W. West, III: U of Pennsylvania P, Philadelphia Pagination: 147-56, 1995. ix, 226. Halliburton, David. The Color of the Sky : A Study of Stephen Crane. Cambridge studies in American literature and culture. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Hapke, Laura. The Alternate Fallen Woman in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Markham Review 12 (1983): 41-43. Harriman, Karl. A Romantic IdealistMr. Stephen Crane. Literary Review 4 (1900): 85-87. Hayes, Kevin J. ed. and introd.. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York). Bedford Cultural Editions. Boston, MA: Bedford, 1999. Hillsman, David Frank. Cranes Maggie and Huysmans Marthe: Two Naturalist Prostitute Novels. Dissertation Abstracts International 48. 3 (1987): 644A. Holton, Milne. The Sparrows Fall and the Sparrows Eye: Cranes Maggie. Studia Neophilologica 41 (1969): 115-29. Holton, Milne. Cylinder of Vision: The Fiction and Journalistic Writing of StephenCrane. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. Horwitz, Howard. Maggie and the Sociological Paradigm. American Literary History 10. 4 (1998): 606-38. Hunter, Adrian. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Peterborough, ON : Broadview, 2006. Hussman, Lawrence E. , Jr. The Fate of the Fallen Woman in Maggie and Sister Carrie. The Image of the Prostitute in Modern Literature. Eds. Pierre L. Horn and Mary Beth Pringle: Ungar, New York Pagination: 91-100, 1984. 147. Ives, C. B. Symmetrical Design in Four of Stephen Cranes Stories. Ball State University Forum 10. 1 (1969): 17-26. Jordan, Philip D. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York). Lexington : U. P. of Ky, 1970. Kahn, Sholom J. Stephen Crane and Whitman: A Possible Source for Maggie. Walt Whitman Review 7 (1961): 71-77. Karlen, Arno. Stylistic Weakness in Maggie. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 180-84, 1998. 208. Katz, Joseph. The Maggie Nobody Knows. Modern Fiction Studies 12 (1966): 200-12. . Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893): A Census (Part Iii). Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 3 (1969): 10-11. . Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893): A Census, Ii. Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 1 (1968): 6. Katz, Joseph, and Matthew J. Bruccoli. A Third Printing of Maggie (1896). Stephen Crane Newsletter 1 (1966): 2-3. Katz, Joseph introd. Maggie, a Girl of the Streets: A Story of New York. Gainesville, FL : SFR, 1966. Knapp, Daniel. Son of Thunder: Stephen Crane and the Fourth Evangelist. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 24 (1969): 259-66. Kovacs, David. Acting Out: Comparative Analyses of Romantic Realism in Stephen Crane and Knut Hamsun. Nordlit: Arbeidstidsskrift i litteratur 9 (2001): 63-78. Kramer, Maurice. Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Explicator 22 (1964): Item 49. Krause, Sydney J. The Surrealism of Cranes Naturalism in Maggie. American Literary Realism 16. 2 (1983): 253-261. La France, Marston. A Reading of Stephen Crane. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971 LaFrance, Marston. Georges Mother and the Other Half of Maggie. Stephen Crane in Transition:Centenary Essays. Eds. Joseph Katz and James Dickey: No. Ill. U. P, DeKalb Pagination: 35-53, 1972. 247. Lainoff, Seymour. Jimmie in Cranes Maggie. Iowa English Bulletin 10 (1965): 53-54. Lawson, Andrew. Class Mimicry in Stephen Cranes City. American Literary History 16. 4 (2004): 596-. Levenson, J. C. Prose and Poetry: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets; the Red Badge of Courage; Stories, Sketches, and Journalism; Poetry. 18: New York, NY : Library of America, 1984. Lainoff, Seymour. Jimmie in Cranes Maggie. Iowa English Yearbook 10 (1965): 53-54. Linson, Corwin Knapp, and Edwin Harrison Cady. My Stephen Crane. [Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1958. Manthorne, Katherine E. War in the City: Stephen Crane and the Visual Culture of New York. Red Badges of Courage: Wars and Conflicts in American Culture. Eds. Biancamarie Pisapia, Ugo Rubeo and Anna Scacchi. Rsa: Rivista Di Studi Anglo-Americani Number: 9 (11): Bulzoni, Rome, Italy Pagination: 769-76, 1998. xvii, 789. Marin Madrazo, Pilar. Notas Sobre El Naturalismo. Letras En El Espejo: Ensayos De Literatura Americana Comparada. Eds. Maria Jose Alvarez Maurin, Manuel Broncano and Jose Luis Chamosa: Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain Pagination: 145-54, 1997. 213. Martin, Jay. Harvests of Change: American Literature, 1865-1914. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. ,: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Masuzaki, Kou. Stephen Crane No Suramu Hyosho to Kangoku: Imin Kyofu to 19 Seikimatsu Hanzaisharon. Studies in American Literature (Osaka, Japan) 41 (2004): 19-35. Mavrocordato, Alexandre. Maggie, Allegorie Du Coeur. Etudes Anglaises: Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis 31 (1978): 38-51 McIlvaine, Robert. Cranes Maggie: A Source for the Hairy Ape? The Eugene ONeill Newsletter 2. 3 (1979): 8-10. Minks, Tamara S. Maggie Johnson: An American in a Fallen Eden. Recovering Literature: A Journal of Contextualist Criticism 16 (1988): 23-35. Miyazaki, Naoko. Jinsei No Bokanskatachi: Maggie Ni Okeru Ningenzo. Bungaku to America: Ohashi Kenzaburo Kyoju Kanreki Kinen Ronbunshu. Ed. pp: Nanundo, Tokyo Pagination: I: 115-127, 1980. Monteiro, George. Amy Leslie on Stephen Cranes Maggie. Journal of Modern Literature 9. 1 (1981): 147-. . Paul Lemperlys Maggie (1893) and a New Stephen Crane Letter. Stephen Crane Newsletter 3. 3 (1969): 7-9. Nagel, James. Stephen Crane and Literary Impressionism. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980. Nagel, James. Donald Pizer, American Naturalism, and Stephen Crane. Studies in American Naturalism 1. 1-2 (2006): 30-35. . Limitations of Perspective in the Fiction of Stephen Crane. Stephen Crane Studies 15. 1 (2006): 9-12. Novotny, George T. Cranes Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. Explicator 50. 4 (1992): 225-28. Oelschlaeger, Fritz. Stephen Crane, Ripley Hitchcock, and Maggie: A Reconsideration. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 97. 1 (1998): 34-50. Oliver, Lawrence J. Brander Matthews Re-Visioning of Cranes Maggie. American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 60. 4 (1988): 654-58. Oliviero, Toni H. People as They Seem to Me: Determinism and Morality as Literary Devices in Three Novels of Stephen Crane. Seminaires 1976. Eds. Jean Beranger, Jean Cazemajou and Jean-Claude Barat. Annales Du Centre De Recherches Sur Lamer. Anglophone Number: 2: Centre de Recherches sur lAmer. Anglophone, Univ. de Bordeaux III, Talence Pagination: 167-181, 1977. 201. Orgeron, Marsha. The Road to Nowhere: Stephen Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (a Story of New York) (1893). Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender. Eds. Jerilyn Fisher, Ellen S. Silber and David Sadker: Greenwood, Westport, CT Pagination: 185-87, 2003. xxxix, 358. Overmyer, Janet. The Structure of Cranes Maggie. University of Kansas City Review 29 (1962): 71-72. Parker, Hershel, and Brian Higgins. Maggies Last Night: Authorial Design and Editorial Patching. Studies in the Novel 10. 1 (1978): 64-75. Petry, Alice Hall. Gin Lane in the Bowery: Cranes Maggie and William Hogarth. American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography 56. 3 (1984): 417-26. Petry, Alice Hall. Stephen Cranes Elephant Man. Journal of Modern Literature 10. 2 (1983): 346-352. Pisarz-Ramirez, Gabriele. Avancierte Erzahlformen Im Licht Von Ubersetzungsstrategien: Zwei Romane Stephen Cranes Und Funf Deutsche Ubersetzungen. Erlebte Rede Und Impressionistischer Stil: Europaische Erzahlprosa Im Vergleich Mit Ihren Deutschen Ubersetzungen. Ed. Dorothea Kullmann: Wallstein, Gottingen Pagination: 437-90, 1995. 528. Pizer, Donald. Stephen Crane. Fifteen American Authors Before 1900, Revised Edition. Eds. Earl N. Harbert and Robert A. Rees. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1984. 128-184. Pizer, Donald. Maggie and the Naturalistic Aesthetic of Length. American Literary Realism 28. 1 (1995): 58-65. . Stephen Cranes Maggie and American Naturalism. Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts 7 (1965): 168-75. Poncet, Andre. Functional Jeffersonianism in the Naturalistic Novel. All Men Are Created Equal: Ideologies, Reves Et Realites. Ed. Jean-Pierre Martin: Pubs. Univ. de Provence, Aix-en-Provence Pagination: 137-146, 1983. 189. Robertson, Michael. Stephen Crane, Journalism, and the Making of Modern American Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Salemi, Joseph S. Down a Steep Place into the Sea: Suicide in Stephen Cranes Maggie. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 1. 2 (1988): 58-61. Saunders, Judith P. Whartons Borrowing from Cranes Maggie in the Age of Innocence. Edith Wharton Review 19. 1 (2003): 1. Schaefer, Michael W. A Readers Guide to the Short Stories of Stephen Crane. A reference publication in literature. New York: G. K. Hall ; Prentice Hall International, 1996. Schilders, Ed. Maggie, Carrie en Vandover. Maatstaf 28. 4 (1980): 104-112. Seltzer, Mark. Statistical Persons. Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism 17. 3 (1987): 82-98. Simoneaux, Katherine G. Color Imagery in Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. College Language Association Journal 18 (1974): 91-100. Slotkin, Alan R. Bungstarter, Mightish Well, and Cultural Confusion. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 54. 1 (1979): 69-71. . You as a Multileveled Dictional Device in Stephen Cranes Representation of Bowery Dialect in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. South Central Review 7. 2 (1990): 40-53. Slotkin, Alan Robert. The Language of Stephen Cranes Bowery tales : Developing Mastery of Character Diction. New York: Garland Pub. , 1993. Solomon, Eric. Stephen Crane, from Parody to Realism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. Stallman, R. W. Cranes Maggie: A Reassessment. Modern Fiction Studies 5 (1959): 251-59. Stallman, Robert W. Stephen Cranes Primrose Path. New Republic 133 (1955): 17-18. Stallman, R. W. Stephen Cranes Revision of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. American Literature 26 (1955): 528-36. Stallman, R. W. Stephen Crane; A Critical Bibliography. [1st ] ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1972. Stein, William Bysshe. Cranes Use of Biblical Parables in Maggie. Readings on Stephen Crane. Ed. Bonnie Szumski. Greenhaven Press Literary Companion to American Authors: Greenhaven, San Diego, CA Pagination: 185-90, 1998. 208. . New Testament Inversions in Cranes Maggie. Modern Language Notes 73. 4 (1958): 268-72. Sweeney, Gerard M. The Syphilitic World of Stephen Cranes Maggie. American Literary Realism 24. 1 (1991): 79-85. Thal, Herbert van ed, and William introd Sansom. Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. London : Cassell, 1966. Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism, A Divided Stream. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956. Waldron, Karen E. No Separations in the City: The Public-Private Novel and Private-Public Authorship. Separate Spheres No More: Gender Convergence in American Literature, 1830-1930. Ed. Monika M. Elbert. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 92-113.. Weatherford, Richard M. Stephen Crane : The Critical Heritage. The Critical heritage series. London ; New York: Routledge, 1977. Wert, Justin R. At-Risk Student Responses to Cranes Maggie. Stephen Crane Studies 11. 1 (2002): 7-12. Wertheim, Stanley. The Merrill Studies in Maggie and Georges Mother. Columbus, Ohio : Charles E. Merrill, 1970. Wertheim, Stanley, and Paul Sorrentino. The Crane Log : A Documentary Life of Stephen Crane, 1871-1900. American authors log series. New York: G. K. Hall, 1994. Wertheim, Stanley, and Joseph Katz. (Stephen Crane. ). Stephen Crane Newsletter 2. 2 (1967). Westbrook, Max. Stephen Cranes Social Ethic. American Quarterly 14 (1962): 587-96. Yamamoto, Kazuo. Machi No Onna Magi Ni Okeru Aironi No Kozo. Kumamoto Daigaku Eigo Eibungaku/Kumamoto Studies in English Language and Literature 46 (2003): 47-62. About this site. Last Modified Thu, 17 Jan 2008 01:01:10 GMT

Who was the most helpful during the Great Depression Essay -- essays r

The Great Depression had battered the nation and the economic situation was desperate. During Herbert Hoover’s presidency, more than half of all Americans were living below the poverty line. Herbert Hoover was an idealist that believed Americans could reach their potential and so he felt that intervention by the federal government would repress the American potential. Roosevelt understood the suffering of his countrymen and introduced economic reforms to alleviate the effects of the depression. First, Roosevelt tackled the most pressing crisis: the bankruptcy of the banks. Since the start of the Depression, 11,000 of the nation's 25,000 banks had failed, and millions of Americans had lost their life's savings. Roosevelt realized that if he kept the banks open, panicked depositors would withdraw their money and more banks would fail. On March 5, FDR declared a three day "bank holiday." While programs like the CCC helped ease the immediate pain of the Depression, Roosevelt worked to effect more permanent changes on the economy. In May, Congress passed FDR's Agricultural Adjustment Act. The AAA provided aid to farmers who decreased the production of goods, which, the president hoped, would cause farm prices to rise. Roosevelt sent Congress his National Industrial Recovery Act, which set fair-practice codes for business and industry, established minimum wages and maximum hours, and gave labor the guaranteed right to bargain collectively. The bill quickly became law. I n... Who was the most helpful during the Great Depression Essay -- essays r The Great Depression had battered the nation and the economic situation was desperate. During Herbert Hoover’s presidency, more than half of all Americans were living below the poverty line. Herbert Hoover was an idealist that believed Americans could reach their potential and so he felt that intervention by the federal government would repress the American potential. Roosevelt understood the suffering of his countrymen and introduced economic reforms to alleviate the effects of the depression. First, Roosevelt tackled the most pressing crisis: the bankruptcy of the banks. Since the start of the Depression, 11,000 of the nation's 25,000 banks had failed, and millions of Americans had lost their life's savings. Roosevelt realized that if he kept the banks open, panicked depositors would withdraw their money and more banks would fail. On March 5, FDR declared a three day "bank holiday." While programs like the CCC helped ease the immediate pain of the Depression, Roosevelt worked to effect more permanent changes on the economy. In May, Congress passed FDR's Agricultural Adjustment Act. The AAA provided aid to farmers who decreased the production of goods, which, the president hoped, would cause farm prices to rise. Roosevelt sent Congress his National Industrial Recovery Act, which set fair-practice codes for business and industry, established minimum wages and maximum hours, and gave labor the guaranteed right to bargain collectively. The bill quickly became law. I n...

Foucault – Power/Knowledge

Foucault’s theorisation of the power/knowledge relationship Foucault in theorizing the relationship between power and knowledge basically focused on how power operated in the institutions and in its techniques. The point is how power was supported by knowledge in the functioning of institutions of punishment. â€Å"He places the body at the centre of the struggles between different formations of power/knowledge. The techniques of regulation are applied to the body† (Wheterell et al. , 2001: 78) Power is the ability to control others or one’s entity. Accordingly it can be defined as a kind of strength or as an authority. There are various theorisations about the meaning of this term in sociology thus it would be hard to give a comprehensive definition. Is power a relationship? What kind of outcome does it produce? Can it modify behaviour and can it reduce the power of others? (Waters, 1994: 217) All of these questions can be answered in a different way. The point might be over whom and upon what can this power be exercised. Foucault frequently uses power and knowledge together in the phrase power/knowledge. He claims these two are inseparable. A general expression exists which conjoins the two into â€Å"knowledge is power. † Foucault reverses the logic of this expression in arguing that possession of knowledge does not give one power but gaining power means having knowledge at the same time as â€Å"knowledge is already deeply invested with power† thus it is better to agree on â€Å"power is knowledge†. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 643) Knowledge can be expounded as the awareness of some fact or as a skill that the individual achieved or inherited. In Foucault’s interpretation both idea turned up in the analysis of the â€Å"Panopticon† and the â€Å"plague stricken town†. Being aware of the events happened somewhere is knowledge and this knowledge gives power to those whom got to know about that events although this knowledge could not have been acquired in the lack of power as there would not have been any opportunity to get into a position which allows the observation to get to know something. That is the basis of Foucault’s idea about knowledge and power as oneness and the reason for why is important to think other about the â€Å"power is knowledge† and â€Å"knowledge is power† correspondence. Discipline and Punish (1975) is Foucault’s best genealogical investigation. Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 643) At the beginning he describes a public torture which was a totally accepted from of punishment in the 18th century. Dramatically introduces the whole process without attitudinizing as those days public execution was a common event, the illustrated torture was as real as he presents it. As norms and attitudes changed in lat ter centuries public tortures has become not popular anymore, people were sentenced to go to prison where a completely different penalty system has been running. Foucault describes typical activities and every day life of the inmates. The point of these two presentations is to show that the changes of methods of punishment correlate with cultural and social changes in the all-time society. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 648) In the second part he â€Å"draws a parallel between the aggressive mechanism used by plague-stricken cities in the late seventeenth century and Bentham’s Panopticon which was intended to be the model for the perfectly rational and efficient prison. † (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 648) The point of these comparisons is to reveal how knowledge developed and how this development influenced the society. As knowledge grows and becomes deeper the new understanding of the social and physical world â€Å"generates new locations for the application of power†. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646) Foucault describes two old mechanisms which was widely used, the public execution as an old form of punishment and the actions against plague that emerged in a town. A new type of punishment became popular which aims to punish the soul not the body as it was common before. There is no more physical torture but torture of the soul. These two old mechanisms alien to the latter methods: the usage of new strict rules that determines the prisoner’s life and the new method of control, the idea of the Panopticon which put surveillance from only one place forward. When plague turned up the old system followed the then methods of observation and surveillance, plague was everywhere thus the supporting power must have been mobilized. In this case â€Å"power is mobilized; it makes itself everywhere present and visible; it invents new mechanism; it separates; it immobilizes† etc. o make people act as it was expected in these conditions (because of the plague almost every interactions must have been stopped in the interest of getting rid of the disease). (Foucault, 1975) The Panopticon instead of exercising power from several sides emphasises the importance and perfection of the surveillance focus from one place. The Panopticon is a building which has an annual part in the periphery and a tower in the centre. Next to omitting little details its most important feature is the ability to see into every cells without being visible. The panoptic mechanism arranges spatial unities that make it possible to see constantly and to recognize immediately. † (Calhoun et al. , 2007: 209) The consciousness of being watched make people put on their best behaviour, their best way of acting thus the inmates do not commit any further crimes as it usually occurs that could happen without being watched. The operation of this building gives the opportunity to work with less employees because only a few overseers necessary being in the tower to check all the cells continuously. This way only a few supervisors needed to control these employees thus it is more economical. The supervision of the plague-stricken town would have cost a lot as a complex system ran which needed a big amount of labour force. As techniques develop and new forms of penalty system emerge costs become lesser. Knowledge grows and makes institutions more efficient as knowledge itself is efficient. â€Å"As knowledge grows the techniques of discipline and surveillance multiply such that power takes on an ever-increasing number of forms. † (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646) The question is if knowledge produces more power or comes from power. The major effect of the Panopticon is to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. â€Å" (Calhoun et al. , 2007: 210) Accordingly power is what is functioning all the time and knowledge could not be without presence of power. Although as Faucault (1975) claims: â€Å"power and knowledge directly imply one another; there is no power relation without the correlati ve constitution of a field of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations†. Thus knowledge and power can not exist independently from each other. Benthams laid down two principles about power relating to the Panopticon: it must be visible and unverifiable. The inmates will constantly have before their eyes the tall outline of the central tower from which they are spied upon and must never know whether they are being looked, but they must be sure that they may always be so. (Calhoun et al. , 2007: 210) These two principles give the opportunity to exercise power over the prisoners. The other very important thing is that this system is not only successful in prison but in every kind of institutions. Could be practiced in school or even in an office, people became successfully regulated by the power if vision. The idea of the Panopticon is a metaphor for the general presence of a new penalty system which is called the disciplinary society by Foucault. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 644) This society is disciplined by being constantly watched and punished by excluded them from normal society. Criminals and those whom do not follow the laid down rules are not punished in front of public anymore. There is no need to express power visibly to gain belief in it. Waters, 1994: 231-232) â€Å"Panopticonseque surveillance has become so effective that individuals now sanction and normalize their own behaviour without any prompting, surveilling and disciplining themselves as if they were simultaneously the inmate and guard of their own self-produced Panopticon. † (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646) What if that surveillance is not that effective and something breaks the discipline? The w hole system can lose its power when turns out that this observation is not accurate. Surveillance must be continuous all the time otherwise people lose their belief in the power of it. Once someone realises that can commit an offence or just do something against the rules without being caught the whole system can be questioned. The best example for this is public cameras all over the streets nowadays, although people know that they are visible whatever they do still commit crimes and do unacceptable things. The offender can not be completely sure about being watched or not. The same situation prevails in a school or office where the employees and students know that they can be lucky and might be not watched. If once punishment does not take place the individual can take under consideration the fact of being always watched thus disciplined behaviour is not guaranteed anymore. Foucault’s genealogical investigation is about to look on how power/knowledge and forms of punishment changed during the past few centuries. â€Å"Until turn of the nineteenth century criminal deviance was controlled by public attacks on the offender’s body. † (Waters, 1994: 231) Public execution was quite common in the 18th Century (although it is still ongoing even today in some countries), â€Å"Foucault identifies such punishments as political rituals†. Waters, 1994: 231) Torture was the expression of power, presented how the offender is punished if commits an offence against the only sovereign power. This sovereign power was one â€Å"centralized authority, like a king†. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 643) According to Foucault punishment went through another two stages since pub lic tortures (which is the first stage). This form of punishment is considered unacceptable nowadays, but not because it goes too far, â€Å"rather it is because punishment and the power that guides it have taken new, more acceptable forms. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 643) Punishment became invisible and kinder to the body, to be disciplined was the point rather than to be punished. The second stage of penal practices was based on surveillance and discipline what was aimed to harm the mind. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 644) Public execution can be considered as a terrible kind of punishment, but torture of the mind is the worst. Physical pain could have been unbearable during these public tortures but psychical pain over years and years is tougher as it has no end. With the birth of prison power started to practice the new, less crucial form of penalty which may be more sinister than it seems. Foucault’s three stages can be distinguished by the time period when that form of punishment were popular, by the basis of authority/power was in power, and by the methods how these punishments were practiced. In the 18th Century, as it was mentioned before, the penalty system was leaded by a central authority which could have been a king or one single corporation of the government. The method was a kind of â€Å"public corporal punishment† that is in Foucault’s Discipline and Punish the public execution, the public torture. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646 Table 15. 2) In addition this torture took place in public. Later on among so many changes torture as a public spectacle disappeared. (Foucault, 1975) The second phase of punishment emerged in the 19th-20th Century when the basis of power was a decentralized institution. Methods were based on surveillance and discipline like in Bentham’s Panopticon or in the plague-stricken town. Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646 Table 15. 2) Today, in the 21th Century we are in the third stage of punishment where there are multiple principles about the authority of the penalty system, multiple self-regulations exist and power is diffusive. The trend of the second phase is intensified in the third. â€Å"Power has become destructed and individualized†, â€Å"disciplinary individuals† turned up . â€Å"No longer are social structures and specific institutions necessary for the exercise of power and the meting out of punishment. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008: 646) In Discipline and punish Foucault analyses the ways how the offender is disciplined in different punishment regimes. In early times punishments were crude, â€Å"prisons were places into which the public could wander†. (Wheterell et al. , 2001: 78) The latter form of regulation and power became private. Inmates were closed into prisons with an invisible system. Public could not see into these institutions anymore. Punishment became individualized and â€Å"the body has become a site of a new kind of disciplinary regime. Of course this body is not simply the natural body which all human beings possess at all times. † (Wheterell et al. , 2001: 78) Knowledge determines this body, the knowledge about the offence and offender. â€Å"This body is produced within discourse †¦ the state of knowledge about crime and criminal, what counts as true about how to change or deter criminal behaviour†¦ This is a radically historicized conception of the body. † (Wheterell et al. , 2001: 78) Foucault carried out a genealogical analysis of punishment and discipline. This analysis, among others, was based on the power/knowledge relationship which was at least as altering as the forms of the penalty systems were showed in the historical review. Various techniques were used to punish and these techniques were influenced by the exercised power in one place one time. The perfect institution to practice power and discipline/punish offenders is the building of the Panopticon. According to Foucault this building is the answer for all questions turned up with other methods of punishment. Bibliography Appelrouth, Scott and Laura Desfor Edles. 2007. Classical and contemporary sociological theory: text and readings. Pine Forge Press: 641-665. Calhoun, Craig J. , Joseph Gerteis and James Moody. 2007. Contemporary sociological theory. Wiley-Blackwell: 209-216. Foucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline & punish. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Waters, Malcolm. 1994. Modern sociological theory. SAGE: 217-233. Wetherell, Margaret, Stephanie Taylor, Simeon Yates. 2001. Discourse theory and practice: a reader. SAGE.

Hewlett-Packard Swot Analysis Essay

Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational hardware and software corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. (from Wikipedia) And HP product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise servers, related storage devices, printers and imaging products. At the same time, HP markets products to household, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises. HP’s mission statement is that to provide product, services and solution of highest quality and deliver more value to our customers that earn their respect and loyalty. We can see that HP really concern about consumers’ satisfactions from their mission. On Fortune 500, HP ranks 10 in 2012 and ranked 11 in 2011. SWOT analysis tool provides a structure for analyzing the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization, any external opportunities and threats it faces. Band name can be a strength for HP which will make people think good quality. Also , HP provides wide range of innovative products which attract many people to use their products. And HP don’t use other companies’ technologies, they develop their own hardware and software. It can benefit HP because HP will be not limited by other companies. At the same time, HP’s sales are very high. They use different kinds of ways to promote products, like web technology, advertisement and so on. In financial part, HP has robust financials which contains low debt. In addition, HP also has weaknesses. The first one is that no aggressive investment in research and development. No innovative technology and products will be developed. As a hardware and software corporation, HP must increase the investment in R&D to keep pace with the development of technology. No good people retention policies and weak controls are taken by HP. Only with good managers, technicists and workers can a company succeed. The external environment consists of opportunities and threats. Firstly, we discuss the opportunities. With the development of the economy, HP has expended their retailed stores for customer convenience. Customers have easier access to the HP product. Also, the software and hardware of computer and cell phone are very popular and are developed quickly. The threats are very huge because many competitors are appearing, such as Dell, Lenovo and Acer. The competitor’s technology and pricing force HP to innovate their technologies and to take many measures to low price. HP also has less coverage than competitor and low compatibility with non-HP product..

Where In The World Is CoSchedule Its Kind Of A BIG Deal... #OverheardAtCoSchedule - CoSchedule Blog

Where In The World Is Its Kind Of A BIG Deal... Blog When Kathryn and Nathan  host webinars, they usually kick things off by asking you gals and guys: Where are you from? Whats the weather like there? That probably has a lot to do with the kinds of conversations they have at the office, with their friends, and when they chat with family. Because  talking about the weather is pretty typical around here. And when  Kathryn and Nathan share  where the two offices are located, a lot of you are really surprised. So we want  to share the story with you about where we are why we LOVE it here and how its been a massive strategic advantage for (and therefore, a big win for our customers, too). Where in the world IS ? Its probably not  where  youd expectIn this video, Im chatting with Shannon Wiedman, s UI/UX Design Lead. Shannon grew up + loves it here, and she has some BIG things to share with you about  s home state. Youll also learn to start where you are with your business dreams (and how that can help YOU succeed, too). Subscribe to receive videos in your inbox: //

A Personal Experience Defining Who I Am Essays

A Personal Experience Defining Who I Am Essays A Personal Experience Defining Who I Am Essay A Personal Experience Defining Who I Am Essay ?At an early age, I had the audacity to stand up to a bully, though this bully is generally, to many, a safety and guardian. Ever since I could remember my mother and biological father had violent fights that would be put on display to my older sister and I. The fights would induce blood and heavy bruising. My mother has only cried a few times in front of me, and at the age of six that was the first. It was a spring afternoon, just coming back home from my morning kindergarten. There I turned on Blue’s Clues and got a juice-box. Relaxing because it was quite throughout my house, my grandmother having worked her late night nursing job went to sleep in her room since I was able to handle myself. After a short little while, I was greeted by my biological father days after being fired from yet another job reeking of alcohol. He started rough housing with me and getting annoyed that I didn’t acknowledge his very existence. Then there was a knock on the door, and I went to answer since my biological father was too inebriated to function like a decent human being. To my sheer amazement, it was a fellow classmate from school, Dequan, who had to walk down a mile-long hill to reach my house. He asked if he could play, and to my enjoyment, I said sure and ran to get my shoes. As I turned to sprint, the protruding gut of my biological father blocked my path. He shouted in a slur, â€Å"We don’t play with your kind, n*****!† then followed by slamming the door on the little kid’s face. I crumbled to the ground as it wasn’t the first time he had damaged friendships of mine because it wasn’t to his standards. That was the last time he’d ever do that. I grabbed my shoes and hurled them at him, shouting out his name, â€Å"David! David! David!† This enraged him and he hurled a fist at my face. As I laid on the ground, he proceeded to tell me that I was a mistake. All I did was stand up and told him and at that moment he’ll regret ever sa

Preposition Fr Explanation and Examples

Preposition Fr Explanation and Examples How would you translate the following sentences into German? This is for you.He decided not to do it for safety reasons. Fà ¼r often translates into for but for does not always translate into fà ¼r.If you literally translated the above sentences as 1. Das ist fà ¼r dich. 2. Fà ¼r Sicherheitsgrà ¼nden hat er sich entschieden es nicht zu tun, then only the first sentence is correct. Though the second sentence is perfectly understandable, it should be written instead as follows: Aus Sicherheitsgrà ¼nden, hat er sich entschieden es nicht zu tun.Why? Simply put, fà ¼r often translates into for but that isnt always so vice versa. Once again, another caveat to not translate word for word.The main meaning of fà ¼r, as when stating to whom or something is intended for, stems from the old High German word furi. This meant in front - a present for someone would be placed in front of them. Other Meanings of Fr Here are several examples of the main uses and meaning of  fà ¼r: Stating to whom or what something is intended for: Diese Kekse sind fà ¼r dich. (These cookies are for you.)When stating for a quantity: Sie hat diese Handtasche fà ¼r nur zehn Euro gekauft. (She bought that purse for only ten euros).When indicating a time span or specific point in time: ich muss fà ¼r drei Tage nach Bonn reisen. (I must go for three days to Bonn.) Some expressions with fà ¼r are likewise directly translated into expressions with for: Fà ¼r immer - for alwaysFà ¼r nichts/umsonst - for nothingFà ¼r nchstes Mal- for next timeIch, fà ¼r meine Person - as for meDas Fà ¼r und Wider - for and against Take note: Fà ¼r is an accusative preposition, so it is therefore always followed by the accusative. For in German Heres the tricky part. Depending on the nuances of for in a sentence, in German it can also be translated as follows: Aus/wegen/zu: when describing the reason why; its purposeAus irgendeinen Grund, wollte der Junge nicht mehr mitspielen - For some reason, the boy did not want to play with them anymore.Viele Tiere sterben wegen der Umweltverschmutzung - Many animals die because of pollution.Dieses Fahrrad steht nicht mehr zum Verkauf – This bicycle is not for sale anymore.Nach/zu: towards a physical destinationThis train is leaving for London – Dieser Zug fhrt nach London.Seit: When describing the duration of time since something has occurred.Ich habe ihn schon seit langem nicht gesehen. I havent seen him for a long time! Above are just some of the more popular prepositions that for can be translated into. Also, keep in mind that these translations arent necessarily reversible, meaning just because sometimes for can mean nach, that doesnt mean that nach will always mean for. When it comes to prepositions, it is always best to first learn which grammatical case it goes with and then to learn popular combos (i.e verbs, expressions) these prepositions occur frequently with.

The Molly Mcguires of Pennsylvania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Molly Mcguires of Pennsylvania - Essay Example Though their life in Ireland was fraught with famine, poverty and arduous labor conditions, life in America was no less hard. At least in Ireland, they were not the subject of bigotry based simply on their heritage, accent or religion. Irish Catholics were thought of as almost sub-human. Two Catholic churches were burned to the ground while occupied in Philadelphia on May 6, 1844 causing 16 people to lose their lives. One of the only places in the country that the Irish were welcomed was in the coal mines of Pennsylvania where the owners of the mines were more than happy to employ those disenfranchised persons of Irish nationality who were desperate enough to take the dirty, dangerous jobs. It was in these Pennsylvania mining camps that the Molly Maguires experienced a rebirth in America. In 1860, following a typical tough day of mining, several Irishmen were heavily drinking and bemoaning the harsh working conditions at their usual location, the Girardville, PA lodge of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, a group established by Irish Catholics (Liljegren, 1964). The Irish working class had a long history of acting violently when they believed that they were being taken advantage of and the addition of being drunk and extremely unhappy served to light the fuse for actions against their oppressors. This is when they reformed the Molly Maguires, a group that had its roots in Ireland during the 1700’s. This very secretive brotherhood was originally formed to exact retribution upon their cruel English landlords who were infamous in their treatment of Irish tenants. The English would actually kill their tenants so that they could raise the rent on new renters. The ‘Mollies,’ as they were commonly called, took this name from such an instance of cruelty. Molly Maguire was an aged widow who was one of the people being evicted from her home by one of these evil

Is Work life balance an unrealistic dream or something that Essay

Is Work life balance an unrealistic dream or something that organisations should pay attention to - Essay Example A work life balance is important because work life and life systems, although very different, are intertwined together in a firm manner. It has been proven through current theories that emotional spillovers from one side can affect the other. Such that, a disappointment at the job may translate in to a disappointment at the family level, and vice versa. One of the theories that are used to explain the relationship between the balance of work and life is the Work/family border theory. Border Theory The border theory divests upon the interactions between the life and work of an individual and how he may attempt to balance them (Poelmans 2005). According to the theory, as Clark (2000) relates, the primary connection between the work and family systems is not emotional but it is human. So ‘people’ in the theory are regarded as daily border-crossers who have to make daily transitions between the two worlds- the world of work and the world of family. People are important here because they are considered responsible for shaping the worlds, for defining the borders between the two worlds and for determining their relation to each of the worlds. Although people are the primary agents at work here, to change the environments, they can themselves be affected in turn, giving rise to a work-family spillover (Hislop 2008). It is this concept that makes keeping a balance between the two worlds the most challenging thing. The border theory seeks to explain the complex interaction between the border crossers and their work and family systems and henceforth, attempts to attain a certain degree of balance between life and work. Psychological contract The psychological contract is also an important concept when it comes to the study of work/life studies and refers to the exchange occurring between the employee and the employer (Andrae 2008). Through the psychological contract, one can attempt to understand what employees and employers expect from a job and work enviro nment. According to Smithson & Lewis (2000), these expectations may not just be confined to tenures or promotions, but, may also include other things like a sense of entitlement to work/ life benefits and flexible working hours. It has been argued recently that a better integration of the worlds of ‘work’ and ‘life’ lead to a positive psychological contract. The psychological contract explains that meeting or breaking of promises has a greater influence than practices and policies (Cooper, Quick & Schabracq 2009). According to Roehling, Roehling and Moen (2001), work/life policies, such as the flexible working hours and informal support, are directly linked to employee satisfaction and loyalty which get translated in the form of a positive psychological contract. The met and unmet expectations have a significant impact on the attitudes and behaviours of the employees (Naswall, Hellgren & Sverke 2008). Recent research in UK also shows that employees tend to look for the awards that their psychological contract promises to deliver and to consider it their right to have an entitlement of flexible working hours, the lack of which is believed to be a violation of the psychological contract (Leat 2007). The psychological contract is an important tool because it considers the individual expectations of employees and employers. The approach is also important to shift the focus from policies and instead concentrate on the different settings of work and life systems for both the employees and emp

Leaning an operational delivery process Research Paper

Leaning an operational delivery process - Research Paper Example Inventory management practices are essential aspects of any organisation. Many organisations have changed from the traditional settings to production and inventory management. The role of inventory management is to ensure faster inventory turnover. Artisanal Burger Company (ABC) Restaurant is a joint that is famous for its burgers, homemade bread and delicious omelets. The restaurant is located at 1436 Pleasant Valley Road, Manchester, CT 06042 (www.yelp.com). According to the reviews by customers, the services have not been ideal for maximising profits and reduction of waste. The management needs to rethink and introduce new techniques of managing assets and inventories. An investigation of processes in this restaurant indicates that there is need to introduce Lean thinking in ABC Restaurant. Improvements can bring significant savings for the restaurant owners, which would, in turn, be passed on to the customers, both quantitatively and qualitatively. One customer says, â€Å"the burgers are hit and miss†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..ABC lacks consistency (www.yelp.com). One of the problems identified was that it takes too much time to deliver food to the table. Secondly, there is no accuracy of orders. Finally, the time it takes a customer to pay the bill is too long. Problems were identified in the dining area, kitchen area, and billing area. The issues that were identified are summarised in Table 1. ABC’s delivery process does not match with its performance objectives. Markovic, Raspor and Segaric (2010, p. 181) state that a restaurant business is a demanding business, and it, therefore, stresses on the provision of high-level customer service and continuous quality improvement. There is constant change of peoples’ lifestyles. Thus, customers desire new flavours, comfortable ambience and pleasant memories. Restaurants that provide high-quality service gain stronger competitive advantage in the current dynamic marketplace. The issues outlined in Table 1 indicate the

Television as a Cultural Transporter in Human Lives Essay

Television as a Cultural Transporter in Human Lives - Essay Example Man has been benefiting by the abovementioned term that has powerfully provided an informative, as well as, interactive platform throughout the world. Briefly, various services and resources have been collected and provided by the television in an entertaining manner for the improvement and promotion of humankind. In the history of humankind, the field of communication has developed a lot, and one of the most outstanding innovations is conceivably, the television. (Burns, pp. 52-56, 1998) However, everything has its advantages, as well as, disadvantages, and it depends upon the person to either benefit by it, or allow the matter to harm the surroundings. Thus, television and television broadcasting has also advantages, as well as, drawbacks; however, disadvantages have been outweighed by the superior enormity of its advantages. Although, it is a common thought that the principle ingredients of the television are dramas, soaps, advertising, and the news. However, television constitutes of more than the abovementioned tools and resources, which will be discussed in this paper. Nowadays, contemporary state of affairs has been benefiting by this tool, which has proved itself as one of the best among rest of the world. Today, a single room has been presented as a new and innovative appearance of the whole globe. (Dornfield, pp. 51-54, 1998) Currently, a student can even acquire his education on the television without even standing up from his chair. On the other hand, a businessperson can make a deal by being updated of best suppliers, as well as, latest technologies around the world without any visa application, as well as, without any travelling expenses, which was not possible some decades ago. Moreover, a South African can catch latest news of an event occurring in United Kingdom, which has only become possible due to the availability of the television broadcasting in almost every corner of the world. In addition, hundreds of channels can be seen and entertain millions of viewers and captivate them within some remote clicks, and without collecting the videos that require lots of space. Interestingly, shopping can also be done on television within minutes with the help of credit cards without roaming in the rush of shopping malls, which has been greatly appreciated by the female populace of the globe. Thus, television has become a matter of just fingertips, and has promoted, as well as, assisted the humans in achieving a better and improved place in their lives. (Cole, pp. 32-38, 1970) In other words, a small global village has been formed by the creation and introduction of television into the human lives. Communication has become a matter of seconds from one corner of the world to another. A number of news channels have been established to provide current affairs, recent updates, breaking news, business news, etc. to millions of viewers from different and diverse cultures around the globe. Reliability and speed is being innovated and improved day by day, which has changed the perceptions of humans at all. It is now just a fraction of second to check the weather report of an African city, or study the European culture from the

The law of defamation in england and wales works to protect Essay

The law of defamation in england and wales works to protect corporations and individuals from unfair and unjust statements which unfairly damage their reputatio - Essay Example The law of defamation is the product the attempts of jurists of different historical time frames, attempting to balance two diametrically opposing tendencies, namely, the safeguard of the esteem of individuals while ensuring the freedom of speech in the available channels of expression. This has been a tricky business in United Kingdom and reforms in the past have been only window dressing. After the enactment of the Defamation Act of 1952 it took over four decades for attempting a major change in this direction, with the institution of the Defamation Act of 1996. The drafting of 1996 Act is necessitated by the spurt of the media and their global nature. The huge compensations which individuals are able to get from the press and electronic media for cases involving the reputation of individuals was not conducive to the development of the freedom of the media in the age of free information. Though, it is a subject under the purview of the law, its ramifications are huge on the functioning of the media, discouraging legitimate investigative journalism and open criticism of public policy. Since media today is international in production and dissemination, the British law can become a stumbling block in the international freedom of press. Magazines, newspapers and broadcast though might have originated elsewhere might create unforeseen legal consequences if any of the stories are defamatory in nature when they are circulated in Britain or broadcast through British stations. Globalization has produced a crisis in the tendency of the state to control the media. Broadcasting is the central channel in the formation of opinion in the globalized world. The rapid progress in technology increased the possibility of sending news and view across the globe. The British broadcasting industry is a predominantly a state affair in spite of the much trumpeted independence and autonomy. The defamatory Act if pursued vigorously

United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

United Nations - Essay Example Members are joined together and bound by treaties signifying their participation within the larger UN political framework. The political decisions of member-states are thus constrained by their allegiance and signatory status to overarching United Nations treaties. Established in the wake of the Second World War, the United Nations was created to ensure that the horrors of World War II never happen again. Since the United Nations represents multilateralism, collective decision-making and negotiation on a global scale it is the most pronounced example of a supranational political body ever created. Seeking to explore the history, purpose and goals of the United Nations, this essay will provide a holistic analysis of the United Nations. A supranational organization which evolved in the aftermath of the horrors of the Second World War, the United Nations was created with the goals of ensuring that the calamity of the Second World War never occurs again through peaceful diplomacy and collective negotiation through intercultural communication. This essay will describe the emergence of the United Nation as a viable multilateral organization, explain the reasons for its emergence and discuss the goals of this supranational body. Why was the United Nations established and what role does intercultural communication play within the UN? These questions, and many more, with respect to the development of the United Nations will be analyzed and discussed in depth. We will then summarize our analysis and conclude with a concise overview of the UN. An international organization which promotes world peace through a variety of social initiatives, the United Nations grew out of the calamity of the Second World War. Presently composed of 192 member states from all corners of the globe, members of this multilateral organization include nearly every recognized country in the world and membership in the UN is considered the international stamp of

The law of defamation in england and wales works to protect Essay

The law of defamation in england and wales works to protect corporations and individuals from unfair and unjust statements which unfairly damage their reputatio - Essay Example The law of defamation is the product the attempts of jurists of different historical time frames, attempting to balance two diametrically opposing tendencies, namely, the safeguard of the esteem of individuals while ensuring the freedom of speech in the available channels of expression. This has been a tricky business in United Kingdom and reforms in the past have been only window dressing. After the enactment of the Defamation Act of 1952 it took over four decades for attempting a major change in this direction, with the institution of the Defamation Act of 1996. The drafting of 1996 Act is necessitated by the spurt of the media and their global nature. The huge compensations which individuals are able to get from the press and electronic media for cases involving the reputation of individuals was not conducive to the development of the freedom of the media in the age of free information. Though, it is a subject under the purview of the law, its ramifications are huge on the functioning of the media, discouraging legitimate investigative journalism and open criticism of public policy. Since media today is international in production and dissemination, the British law can become a stumbling block in the international freedom of press. Magazines, newspapers and broadcast though might have originated elsewhere might create unforeseen legal consequences if any of the stories are defamatory in nature when they are circulated in Britain or broadcast through British stations. Globalization has produced a crisis in the tendency of the state to control the media. Broadcasting is the central channel in the formation of opinion in the globalized world. The rapid progress in technology increased the possibility of sending news and view across the globe. The British broadcasting industry is a predominantly a state affair in spite of the much trumpeted independence and autonomy. The defamatory Act if pursued vigorously

Bionade as a World Wide Brand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bionade as a World Wide Brand - Assignment Example To attract more consumers, they offer beverages with various flavors. As a botanical brew most of its products were herbs and plant roots especially the ginger roots. It is different from other drinks in the sense that apart from being a soft drink, it follows a different procedure during the manufacturing process which enables it to be fermented and produced naturally (Yang 2011, p. 12). The fact that it is an original drink just like coca cola makes the drink to attract many consumers as it undergoes organic fermentation. Viral marketing and communication strategies adopted sponsor several events that enable the drink to be successful in the market. Customers: Segmentation The drink can be one that has segmented its consumers specifically to those who are non alcoholic. It has been branded by many consumers as a hip lifestyle drink which is healthy for consumption. Every customer in the market is always in need of refreshment that will quench their thirst. This may not be an easy p rocess as most of the drinks in the market are known to be artificial as opposed to Bionade which is a natural drink (Kotler et al., 2008, p. 21). This specifies its interest to people with specific health requirements and is not ready to consume artificial products. Business to Business In order to keep up with the high competition in the markets, there was need for the Bionade Company that was establishing them in USA to come up with a unique approach to business and their consumers. Making a natural drink made them have an advantage over other businesses which focused mostly on the artificial drinks. As a refreshment drink, it would be recommended by most consumers. The new packaging and branding of the commodity attracted the consumers in the market making the product to be on a high demand. The restaurant structure was one that attracted the consumers towards the place as opposed to other places which did not have a unique appearance. Despite the fact that they were not able to advertise their product on media, they were able to give it a unique branding which attracted most consumers. Business to Customers The manufacture of the product through a natural process of fermentation made most of the consumers to be attracted to the commodity. This was further enhanced by a red logo that made the drink be easily recognized by the consumers in the market (Marieke & De 2010, p. 67). The restaurant that was to be created in USA was one that was surrounded by a cultivated green herb garden and the intention here was to also educate the consumers on the ingredients of the herbs found in the refreshment. Providing enlightenment for the consumers is an idea that would be accepted by most consumers and this would in turn attract them towards the commodity. To attract more consumers in America, Bionade was also contemplating on adding more flavors in order to provide the consumers with a variety. Current Position within the USA Market In the beginning, the residents of America had a difficult with accepting the new beverage as they associated the word fermentation with alcohol and it was challenging to convince them that Bionade was refreshment (Steven 1994, p. 34). The ability to maintain strong links with various institutions enabled them to easily stabilize in America especially by paying more attention to educational institutions where coca cola and Pepsi had firmly established themselves. This was done in specific states namely San Francisco and Los Angeles which would serve as a basis to

Virginia Woolf Essay Example for Free

Virginia Woolf Essay Virginia Woolf, and educated woman, described two luncheons at a male and female college. The intended audience of both passages is educated men who can make a change. Virginia Woolf demonstrates the differences in quality of education between men and women through narrative structure, selection of detail, and tone in order to garner support to change the quality of education for female students. The quality of food served at the men’s college reflects the quality of the education. For example, Woolf describes her experience of the luncheon at the men’s college through narrative structure, â€Å"lunch†¦began with soles, sunk in a deep dish† (10-11). The moment the luncheon starts, Woolf is impressed with how much effort is put into the food. Describing how much effort people went through leaves the intended audience confident. Also the selection of detail in the passages supports the authors purpose by illustrating every food item, â€Å"potatoes, thin as coins† (18). The precision of the food item is mentioned through a simile to emphasize the importance of men in society. Enhancing the importance of men assists the author by proving how much people focus on what men want; putting all their energy to ensure that the education provided at the men’s college is exceptional quality. Woolf’s erudite tone towards the luncheon also reflects how impressed she was with the conversations surround her, â€Å"brilliance, as it pops in and out upon our lips† (29). The author supports her purpose through the erudite tone in order to present the intelligence surrounding her. The brilliant conversation Woolf hears at the luncheon is presented through personification, which represents the level of intelligence male students attending the college has from the quality of their education. Men will always have an advantage in society no matter if there is equality between men and women. Women earned equal rights as men, but there is a significant difference between the qualities of education, which Woolf explains through her experience at the women’s college luncheon. Woolf describes her meal from the beginning as â€Å"a plain gravy soup† (41-42) and ending with â€Å"everybody scraped their chairs back† (62-63). Right from the start there is nothing special about the luncheon at the women’s college. The whole lunch is characterized from the use of imagery to create the effect of the unmotivated students at the women’s college, presenting to the audience that there is a clear difference in quality of education. The selection of detail adds emphasis on the simplicity of the meal, â€Å"beef with†¦greens and potatoes† (45-46). There is nothing special about the meal, which also involves the length of the passage being concise, but still no one complains because it still is â€Å"†¦nature’s daily food†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (50). This help the author to further prove people do not pay close attention to the quality of female education. In addition to selection of detail, the morose tone adds to the bland luncheon, that consisted of no conversation at all, â€Å" That was all. The meal was over† (62-63). Woolf is simply pointing out the women who attend the college are not motivated. The quality of education the women are receiving may be adequate however; the education could become great if people paid more attention to it. Although women have equal rights as men, their quality in rights is not the same. Both the men and women’s college provided an education, but there is a difference in the quality of education provided. The narrative style Woolf writes for the male college represents an elegant lifestyle, while the women’s represents old fashion lifestyle, â€Å"To call it pudding†¦would be an insult†(23-24), â€Å"sprouts†¦ yellowed at the edge† (47-48). The difference supports the author’s purpose, emphasizing the contrast in foods as a metaphor for the difference in education. Men have always dominated society and sadly it is hard to have men and women become equal partners in society; leaving the intended audience aware of women’s place in society through Woolf’s own awareness of the change. Describing the food in detail described the elaborate food provided for the men while the women had plain food â€Å"the partridges†¦came wit all their retinue†(16-17), â€Å"prunes and custard followed† (52). The selection of detail indicates that people pay more attention to men than to women by giving men the best of the best and women what is considered as ordinary. The technique of personification describing the partridges creates a picture in the audience’s mind on how grand the meal is by saying the food had an entourage. Lastly there is a shift in tone going from enlightening â€Å"all are going to heaven† (33) to dreary â€Å" soon the hall was emptied† (63-64). The students at the male college are given plenty of support that they think they are the best; on the other hand the students at the women’s college go on with their daily lives as individuals. After leaving the luncheon at the men’s college Woolf felt amazing which is the complete opposite of what she felt leaving the women’s luncheon. Although the students at the women’s college eat together, they eat and live as individuals rather than a community like the men’s c ollege. Although it may seem like men and women have equal rights, which is not the complete truth. Virginia Woolf uses her experience of two complete opposite luncheons at a male and female college to persuade the audience that there is no equality in the quality of education.

Heterogeneous Space In Architecture

Heterogeneous Space In Architecture In Space Reader: Heterogeneous Space in Architecture, Michael Hensel, Christopher Hight and Achim Menges discusses the possible approach of heterogeneous space in contemporary architecture through examining the role of space in Modern and Post-Modern architecture, To understand what constitutes heterogeneous space, let us examine each term. Most simply, heterogeneous means something (an object or system) that consists of a diverse range of items or qualities, which can include differences in kind as well as differences in degree. These could be multiplicities of things, abrupt changes or smooth gradients. However, the dominant approach to such diversities draws from a Platonic lineage that sees all the variations in reference to a model or perhaps a norm; all apparent differences are here really only deviations from the model, their identity given by degrees of resemblance to a single uniformity. All diversity is seen as phenomena measured against this unity, which is seen as more real, even if it only exists as an ideal or statistical mean. This is true for dualism as well. Examples might be the traditional opposition of masculine and feminine, in which the latter is treated as a version of the first, or any number of racisms. Luce Irigaray h as shown that the logic of dualisms involves not two terms but only the semblance of two terms. Phallocentrism is the use of a netural or universal term to define both sexes: within this structure, there is not one term, man, ant another independent term that is denigrated, woman. Rather, there is only one term, the other being defined as what it is not, its other or opposite. Irigarays claim is that woman is erased as such within this logic: there is no space for women because taking their place is the specter or simulacrum of woman, mans fanciful counterpart, that which he has expelled and other from himself. Gilles Deleuze has called this the Logic of the Same, and while it may appear either benign or despotic, it nevertheless always forecloses the possibility of real difference. Implicit in the pervasiveness of structures of binarization is the refusal to acknowledge the invisibility or negligibility of the subordinated term, its fundamental erasure as an autonomous or contained term. The binary structure not only defines the privileged term as the only term of the pair, but it infinitizes the negative term, rendering it definitionally amorphous, the receptacle of all that is excessive or expelled from the circuit of the privileged term. Yet while attempting to definitively and definitionally anchor terms, while struggling for settled, stabilized power relation, while presenting themselves s immutable and givem dualisms are always in the process of subtle renegotiation and redefinition. They are considerablt more flexible in their scope and history than their logic would indicate, for each term shifts and their values realign, while the binarized structure remains intact. It would be a mistake to assume that these oppositional categories are somehow fixed or immune to reordering and subtle shifts. Therefore, something significant is at stake once one thinks of differences as a positivity rather than simply a variance from uniformity. Here we should distinguish between difference and diversity in the way Deleuze described for philosophical traditions of ontology and epistemology in Difference and Repetition (1968). Difference is not diversity. Diversity is given, but the difference is that by which the given is given. Difference is not a phenomenon but the noumenon closest to phenomenon. .. Every diversity and every change refers to a difference which is its sufficient reason. Everything which happens and everything which appears is correlate with orders of difference: difference of level, temperature, pressure, tension, potential, difference of intensity. Deleuze argues that rather than naturalise the Logic of the Sames presumption of an underlying uniformity, we should accept the diversity of the universe as such and not attempt to reduce it. Once one accepts that diversity is irreducible rather than simply variations on or resemblances to an ideal model of Sameness, the problem becomes not how to account for divergences but how to think through multiplicities and how they happen and are correlated through other differences. Deleuze argues that such differences are Real, not effects of our perception or cultural constructions. Indeed, these differences produce the events, objects, and qualities that produce affective phenomena (such as temperature changes). Everything is produced via events of differentiation, even coherences and order. That is, while heterogeneity was once understood as a divergence from an underlying uniformity of Being that needed explanation, now we need to explain any apparent uniformity and ordering via process es of differentiation. Difference is active production of apparently coherent Beings-as-events. Thus, heterogeneity is a condition where phenomena of coherences across diversities are produced by processes of differentiation and can be understood and apprehended as such. This runs immediately into common ideas of space as homogeneous and passive, ordered only by the imposition of form, movement, activities or boundaries understood as distinct from space itself. In other words, space is seen as the product of formal operations or as a neutral and uniform space for such relations. Such commonplace are incompatible with the immanent heterogeneity of things since space becomes an underlying or overlaying uniformity against which to read diversity. Obviously, the differentials sketched above occur in time but also in space. This field of relations transforms through time and space, indeed is spatially configures through temporal transformations (for example, heated air produced a different spacing of molecules). Heterogeneous space therefore neither pre-exists diversity, nor is it simply the effect of processes of differentiation; rather, it is the immanent field of relations between differentials. It is not static but always flux, and therefore might be more precisely understood as the spacing through which difference manifests and is constituted via other differentials. The nature of heterogeneous space and homogeneous space can be studied by looking at Deleuze and Guattaris discussion of smooth and striated space using chess and game of Go for comparison in A Thousand Plateaus. In chess, the pieces are hierarchically differentiated while the board consists of a simple grid that is almost neutral but polarized between two sides (analogous to battle fronts). The pieces move across the grid, but always with a bias to the two fronts. In occupying the spaces, the pieces change the strategic conditions of the game. However, the strategic space of the game is constructed by moving distinct objects in relation to one another across what remains an essentially homogeneous and static field. In the game of Go, on the other han, the pieces are minimally differentiated (they are only black or white discs). While chess pieces occupy the spaces of the grid as if they were enclosed territories, in Go the discs are located at cross-points of a much larger grid field. Instead of moving, pieces are placed and remain, only being altered when surrounded by pieced of the opposite color. Players do not advance in fronts, but can place discs anywhere to control the board from all sides, attempting to create conditions where the addition of one single piece might create a closed territory around many opposite colors and potentially instantly switch control of the board. Here, the pieces are not so much objects occupying territories within an otherwise homogeneous space as charges within a fluctuating field-space out of which territorial boundaries emerge or are held open across distances. What one manipulates in Go is thus the space of th game itself. While the typological pieces are dominant in chess, using translational dynamics to produce strategic effects, in Go space dominates the notational pieces, whose importance is determined purely by their relation to the space around them and is dynamic, holding the potential for a multiplicity of outcomes at any stage. Chess poses active objects moving through a static space that is basically homogenous. In Go, space itself is in flux and cannot be reduced to a static frame of reference or ordering measure. For Deleuze and Guattari these two games suggest different ways of understanding the relationship between identity, agency and space: chess pieces entertain biunivocal relations with one another, and with the adversarys pieces: their functioning is structural. On the other hand, a Go piece has only a milieu of exteriority, or extrinsic relations with nebulas or constellations as bordering, encircling, shattering. All by itself, a Go piece can destroy an entire constellation synchronically; a chess piece cannot (or can do so diachronically only) Chess pieces are actors whose roles are defined a priori of the temporal spatial relationships, while those of Go are produced through the playing of a game. To extend this analogy, in the heterogeneous space like that of Go, identity and agency is produced via contingent spatial relationship with many similarly informed but also thereby differentiated actors. In chess, on the other hand, identity is given and occupies a given role and space as a sovereign subject in relation to others. The queen is always the most powerful piece; a pebble in Go is critical or not only in relation to the space of the board it participates in constructing. The body politics of chess requires a static space through which to organize itself; the multitude of Go is at once constructed through space and a spatial construct. One plays Go by managing spatial differentials; one plays chess by deploying already defined differences in space. Heterogeneous space can thus be contrasted to an isotonic space through which one moves. Rather than defining difference against a constant measure, or metric, of space as a ground, differentiation is produced via the immanent unfolding of spatial processes. These differentiations could be sudden or gradual, or both at different locations. Moreover, there can exist within the same dimensions a manifold set of such relationships; these sets, or systems, might be intricately entwined or barely connected though they must be calibrated to each other in some way and not simply overlapped. In terms of design, this understanding of heterogeneous space would hold that differentiation of use and complexity of form arise from spatial qualities, and that these qualities are inseparable from its material conditions. This space could produce controlled but varied atmospheric effects as well as different performative capacities that are not determined by programmatic function. Such a space would necessarily be affective in relation to the actors and agencies that traverse it, enfolding subjective perception with its material conditions. Moreover, these spatial affects would not be distince or th result of formal organizations of matter but would be means through which material and programmatic organizations would be configured and manifested. Heterogeneous space in architecture is therefore neither difference produced by form within an overall uniformity (modern space) not a collage of distinct formal elements (Post-Modern space). Instead, the proposition of a heteroheneous sp ac would produce and permit differentiation and discontinuity of both quality and organization across multiple conditions within an overall coherency. In a certain sense, all of Deleuzes works, as Deleuze makes clear in his reading of Foucault, are about the outside, the unthought, the exterior, the surface, the simulacrum, the fold, lines of flight, what resists assimilation, what remains foreign even within a presumed identity, whether this is the intrusion of a minor language into a majoritarian one of the pack submerged within an individual. It is significant that Deleuze, like Derrida, does not attempt to abandon binarized thought or to replace it with an alternative; rather, binarized categories are played off each other, are rendered molecular, global, and are analysed in their molar particularities, so that the possibilities of their reconnections, their realignment in different system, are established. (desire) Can architecture inhabit us as much as we see ourselves inhabiting it? Does architecture have to be seen in terms of subjectivization and semiotization, in terms of use and meaning? Can architecture be thought, no longer as a whole, a complex unity, but as a set of and site for becomings of all knids? What would such an understanding entail? In short, can architecture be thought, in connection with other series, as assemblage? What would this entail? What are the implications of opening up architectural discourses to Deleuzian desire-as-production? Can is become something -many things other than what it is and how it presently functions? If its present function is an effect of the crystallization of its history within, inside, its present, can its future be something else? How can each be used by the other, not just to affirm itself and receive external approval but also to question and thus to expand itself, to become otherwise, without assuming any provolege or primacy of the one over the other and without assuming that the relation between them must be one of direct utility or translation? Architecture has tended to conceive of itself as an art, a science, or a mechanics for the manipulation of space, indeed probably the largest, most systematic and most powerful mode for spatial organization and modification. Deleuze claims that Bergson is one of the great thinkers of becoming, of duration, multiplicity, and virtuality. Bergson developed his notion of duration in opposition to his understanding of space and spatiality. This understanding of duration and the unhinging of temporality that it performs are of at least indirect relevance to the arts or sciences of space, which may, through a logic of invention, derail and transforms space and spatiality in analogous ways. Space is understood, according to Deleuze, as a multiplicity that brings together the key characteristics of externality, simultaneity, contiguity or juxtaposition, difference of degree, and quantitative differentiations. Space is mired in misconceptions and assumptions, habits and unreflective gestures that convert and transform it. Architecture, the art or science of spatial manipulation, must be as implicated in this as any other discipline or practice. According to Bergson, a certain habit of thought inverts the relations between space and objects, space and extension, to make it seem as if space precedes objects, when in fact space itself is produced through matter, extension, and movement: Concrete extensity, that is to say, the diversity of sensiblequalities, is not within space; rather it is space that we thrust into extensity. Space is not a ground on which real motion is posited; rather it is real motion that deposits space beneath itself. But our imagination, which is preoccupied above all by the convenience of expression and the exigencies of material life, prefers to invert the natural order of the termsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therfore, it comes to see movement as only a variation of distance, space being thus supposed to precede motion. Then, in a space which is homogeneous and infinitely divisible, we draw, in imagination, a trajectory and fix positions: afterwards, applying the movement to the trajectory, we see it divisible like the line we have drawn, and equally denuded of quality. Space in itself, space outside these ruses of the imagination, is not static, fixed, infinitely expandable, infinitely divisible, concrete, extended, continuous, and homogeneous, though perhaps we must think it in these terms in order to continue our everyday lives. Space, like time, is emergence and eruption, oriented not to the ordered, the controlled, the static, but to the event, to movement or action. If we shut up motion in space, as Bergson suggests, then we shut space up in quantification, without ever being able to think space in terms of quality, of difference and discontinuity. Space, ineffect, is matter or extension, but the schema of matter, that is, the representation of the limit where the movement of expansion would come to an end as the external envelope of all possible extensions. In this sense, it is not matter, it is not extensity, that is in space, but the very opposite. And if we think that matter has a thousand ways of becoming expanded or extended, we must also say that there are all kinds of distinct extensities, all related, but still qualified, and which will finish by intermingling only in our own schema of space. It is not an existing, God-given space, the Cartesian space of numerical division, but an unfolding space, defined, as time is, by the arc of movement and thus a space open to becoming, by which I mean becoming other than itself, other than what it has been. It is to refuse to conceptualise space as a medium, as a container, a passive receptacle whose form is given by its content, and instead to see it as a moment of becoming, of opening up and proliferation, a passage from one space to another, a space of change, which changes with time.

Hitler :: essays research papers fc

In the fall of 1922, the Germans asked the Allies for a moratorium on the reparations payments that they were required to pay according to the Versailles Treaty (from World War I). The French government refused the request and occupied the Ruhr, the integral industrial area of Germany, when the Germans defaulted on their payments. The French occupation united the German people to act against the occupation by staging a general strike. The German government supported the workers by giving them financial support. Inflation increased exponentially within Germany creating a growing concern over the Weimar Republic's capability to govern Germany. In August 1923, Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor of Germany. On September 26, Stresemann ordered the end of the general strike in the Ruhr and decided to pay reparations. Rightfully believing that there would be anger and revolts to his announcement, Stresemann had President Ebert declare a state of emergency. The Bavarian government was unhappy with Stresemann's capitulation and declared its own state of emergency on the same day as Stresemann's announcement. Bavaria was then ruled by a triumvirate which consisted of Generalkommissar Gustav von Kahr, General Otto von Lossow (commander of the army in Bavaria), and Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser (commander of the state police). Though the triumvirate ignored and even defied several orders that were directly from Berlin, by the end of October 1923 it seemed that the triumvirate was losing heart. They had wanted to protest, but not if it were to destroy them. Hitler believed it was time to take action. The Plan It is still debated who actually came up with the plan to kidnap the triumvirate, some say Alfred Rosenberg, some say Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, while still others say Hitler himself. The original plan was to capture the triumvirate on the German Memorial Day (Totengedenktag) on November 4, 1923. Kahr, Lossow, and Seisser would be on a stand, taking the salute from the troops during a parade. The plan was to arrive on the street before the troops arrived, shut off the street by setting up machine guns, and then get the triumvirate to join Hitler in the "revolution." The plan was foiled when it was discovered (the day of the parade) that the parade street was well protected by police. They needed another plan. This time, they were going to march into Munich and seize its strategic points on November 11, 1923 (the anniversary of the armistice).

Discount Stores Limited

Accounting measures and treatments have been used to properly determine the profitability and financial position of a business entity. In the case of Discount Stores Limited, they have suffered significant losses especially in the first few years of operations. After hiring Harry Highpaid as the chief executive officer, though still suffering from a small loss, Discount has made significant improvements in its business operations.Now for the owners Ruth and Irving Bogan, employing various methods to account for advertising costs, inventory and company receivables, which have been used by Highpaid, is still subject to either approval or modification. These three aspects and how it contributes to the net profit or net loss of Discount would be the primary accounts and methods under inquiry. Case Study: Discount Stores Limited Discount Stores Limited is a chain of retail stores located in Ontario, Canada selling clothing and household items.The owners Ruth and Ivan Bogan use the income they get from Discount to provide for their personal living. However, the Bogans are worried because of they may possibly lose their primary source of income due to the business’ unprofitable years. It is nothing but normal for a new business establishment to suffer losses during its first few years of operation. However, these annual losses must, of course, be regained by increasing income for the years thereafter. For the owners, hiring an excellent manager, Harry Highpaid, became a venue for Discount to recover from the significant losses that they have incurred.Improvements have been flowing to Discount, and the owners are confident of the potential success of their business. Having been presented with the current year financial statements, the owners are concerned of some accounting treatments that Highpaid had employed in terms of advertising costs, slow-moving inventory and credit to customers. With regards to advertising costs, Highpaid has utilized extensive advertis ing campaigns to make their products known to the public, to attract new customers and to gain a bigger market share.This marketing strategy, according to Highpaid, has been a success and significantly contributed to increase in interested customers and eventually, increase in their gross profit. Highpaid had capitalized Discount’s advertising cost, believing that these will benefit the store for more than a year, and amortizing them over a period of five years. This is contradictory to Discount’s previous treatment of advertising costs, which is to expense them as incurred. Advertising costs are generally expensed in the period it is incurred.Proponents of this concept argue that future benefits that may be derived from advertising expenditures are uncertain (cited in Flesher, 1991). However, others believe these advertising costs must be capitalized for future economic benefits from these are identifiable and measurable. Plus, capitalization of this kind of cost coul d maximize long-term profits, not just short-term. Discount’s capitalization of 50% of its advertising costs would indeed contribute to bigger profits since the expenses it would incur will be lesser.Also, this gives rise to an intangible asset. Proof that capitalization of this cost would benefit future periods is that customers’ advertising impressions may build up overtime and it would be instrumental in introducing Discount’s product to customers who may possibly develop brand loyalty. Expensing the other half of it would be the proper treatment for those advertising costs, which do not necessarily benefit future periods, or benefit the current period alone. Moreover, this would serve as an immediate tax shelter, decreasing the potential taxable income.Determination which of these costs must be capitalized and which must be expensed actually depends on several factors such as the industry Discount is in and the extensiveness of advertising that they are empl oying. Advice is to maintain capitalizing the identifiable and measurable costs which would benefit future periods and expense those which would not, having already proven its considerable contribution to Discount’s increase in income. Every shop selling furniture or household items runs into the problem of having slow-moving inventory.This unsalable merchandise may be the bane of businesses no matter what the products are. Therefore, it is no longer extraordinary for Discount to have a low turnover of its inventory. Discount used to write off slack inventory, which has been on hand for six months or more, at the end of each fiscal year. These products with sporadic sales were discontinued and liquidated. But Highpaid has employed a slightly different term of writing off these inventories. He now writes off only inventories, which he thinks could no longer be sold. What discount must first do is to set up a system of managing its inventories.It must be able to know and identi fy which items are moving, and which are dragging sales down so that it can make better buying decisions, diminish slack inventories, and eventually increase profit margins. It must consistently track these inventories, which are selling more and which are not. Purchase bigger quantities of those products highly demanded by the customers. This is to avoid or lessen slow-moving inventory at the end of the operating period. Highpaid’s new inventory write-off strategy is better than Discount’s previous treatment of completely liquidating all sporadic products.This is due to the fact that Discount must â€Å"maintain a stock of some slow-moving products, and even products that have never been sold, in order to maintain a high level of customer service and enhance their corporate profitability† (Screibfeder, p. 1). Concentrate on ensuring you have the optimal quantities of those items that have the most dollars flowing through the shop. Offering credit to customers i s a very helpful and widely used business tool. Making sales on credit generally allows the store to increase its sales.The downside is that it brings with it the risk of late payments, or worse, uncollectible payments or the so-called bad debts. To appropriately comply with the accepted accounting principles, Discount must record the portion of its receivables that can no longer be collected. These bad debts must be recorded in the period it is incurred. Since there is an inherent risk that clients might default or incur delay on payment, Discount’s receivables must then be recorded at its net realizable value, or its gross accounts receivable less the allowance for doubtful accounts or the portion of the credit estimated to be doubtful of collection.The actual amount of Discount’s uncollectible receivable is written off as an expense from Allowance from Doubtful Accounts to the income statement account known as the Bad Debts Expense. This way, Discount would be able to fully account for the customers’ collectible credit and correctly diminish its income with the portion of the receivable, which will be uncollectible.To protect Discount’s cash flow, it is essential to credit check new customers before giving credit and continue monitor their payment practices throughout the business relationship. It may also be advantageous to provide for cash discounts to credit customers to encourage faster payment of debt. Proper and close monitoring of Discount Stores Limited’s accounting policies would greatly contribute to the profitability and to the stability of its financial condition.